safe operation of a smart power system

Research findings suggest that human and organizational factors do affect computer and information security performance in a multilayered fashion. } window[disableStrs[index]] = true; 2004. Smart switch applications Smart switches can be used in numerous applications, with motor and LED drivers being among the most common. In many cases, even in situations where there is a battery backup, these devices are not properly supervised or maintained of which can result in doors that are unable to be locked or unlocked in the event of a power outage. if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { } The truth is that, as a nation, we must and absolutely can meet the power needs of a pervasively digital society if the United States wishes to maintain its role as a global economic and political leader. __gaTracker.getAll = function () { In order to defend against the vulnerabilities described above, several security features need to be incorporated into the development of AMI, along with new privacy laws to protect consumers. function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { return; The Academy compiled a list of twenty accomplishments that have affected virtually everyone in the world. IEC 60950-22, Edition 1.0, 2005-10, Information Technology Equipment Safety- Part 22: Equipment to be Installed Outdoors, International Electrotechnical Commission. Advanced metering infrastructure (of which smart meters are a generic name for any utility side device even if it is more capable e.g. Move the DC breaker on the side of the machine up to the "ON" position. If the power ever failed for more than a few hours the SPS could . Still, Mr. Edison would be just as astonished as Mr. Graham Bell with the present power grid technology as it is today. Protecting all these diverse and widely dispersed assets is impractical. Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems . 3, pp. for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { IEEE, vol. There is reasonable concern that national and international energy and information infrastructures have reached a level of complexity and interconnection that makes them particularly vulnerable to cascading outages, whether initiated by material failure, natural calamities, intentional attack, or human error. An AC-power outlet receptacle to plug in the vehicle for charging; Electric power metering to measure electricity use; Switchgear to switch charging circuits on or off, once enabled by information technology, and provide overcurrent protection or active shutdown in the event of a short-circuit fault in the vehicles or the charging circuits circuitry; Information technology equipment to process the sale, timing, and user interface to purchase electrical charge, and to enable/disable the charging switchgear; Telecommunications to communicate the sale and power use back to the electrical power retailer. Information security frameworks for electric power utilities have also been developed by the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE). body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 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consideration holds the promise of meeting the electricity needs of a robust digital economy. It is even more complex and difficult to control it for optimal efficiency and maximum benefit to the ultimate consumers while still allowing all its business components to compete fairly and freely. This state-of-the-art safety standard classifies energy sources, prescribes safeguards against those energy sources, and provides guidance on the application of, and requirements for those safeguards. The potential ramifications of network failures have never been greater, as the transportation, telecommunications, oil and gas, banking and finance, and other infrastructures depend on the continental power grid to energize and control their operations. It uses a 32-bit microcontroller to effectively monitor the fire hazards that may occur in the protected electrical circuit due to leakage, temperature, and current overload, and handles the remaining current in real time. var em_track_user = true; McQueen and Boyer describe several potential dissimulation and simulation techniques that can be used for control systems. }; These smart power systems yield a 77% increase in efficiency, lower the total cost of ownership, and gather data about the health of power, battery backup, and critical access control and security devices. NY, Become a member today and get the IEEE Magazine delivered to you as well as access to the online version. Synchronous attendance is NOT required.You will have access to your online course on the published start date OR 1 business day after your enrollment is confirmed if you enroll on or after the published start date. Automatic Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an approach to integrating electrical consumers based upon the development of open standards. Associate Professor, Stanford University - Cited by 9,074 - Energy systems - smart grid - power systems - energy data analytics - smart transportation & sensor networks . 2011. 1320, Spring 2010. The driving scientific motivation is to further our understanding of adaptive self-healing and self-organizing mechanisms that can be applied to the development of secure, resilient, and robust overlaid and integrated energy, power, sensing, communication, and control networks. function __gtagDataLayer() { When an island is created purposely by the controlling utilityto isolate large sections of the utility grid, for exampleit is called an intentional island. args.unshift('send'); Definition: The power system is a network which consists generation, distribution and transmission system. This system, illustrated in Figure 5 and described in the following section, allows companies to capitalize on rapid-fire strategic challenges and retain their stability [1]." The Solution: SAFe Offers a Dual Operating System. 624631. if (em_track_user) { Safe Operation of Photovoltaic Systems with High-Voltage Isolation Amplifiers Protecting Personnel and Equipment For solar plant operators the challenge is finding the perfect balance between achieving the highest possible energy yield at the lowest cost but without compromising safety, reliability and efficiency. Figure 4. sensing, communication, data management, and mathematical and theoretical foundations to support a better, faster, and higher-confidence understanding of what is going on, leading to improved state and topology estimation and fast look-ahead simulation. Energy Security, June 2009. The century-old power grid is the largest interconnected machine on earth. S. Massoud Amin and Anthony M. Giacomoni. 'eventCategory': arguments[2], It is said that Alexander Graham Bell would not recognize the components of modern telephony fiber optics, cell phones, texting, cell towers, PDAs, the internet, etc. } A successful terrorist attempt to disrupt the power delivery system could have adverse effects on national security, the economy, and the lives of every citizen. if ('send' === arguments[0]) { The benefits associated with the Smart Grid include: Quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances. [3]. The usage of SPFC is required at each level of distribution, transmission and generation systems in a clustered form. Fully integrated battery. Time-centered HRA (TCHRA) For the operating temperature, the temperature at which an uncontrolled exotherm will occur under plant conditions is first defined. A smart power system gives its users intelligible monitoring and maintenance of the power being driven to your security system. History of Evolution Often vulnerabilities are not the result of a single mistake or configuration error but of numerous latent organizational conditions, such as management support and decisions made by designers that combine to create scenarios in which failures and weaknesses may occur. Military & Defense. This file is auto-generated */ Such attacks, although troublesome and costly to the local region, affect only a small portion of the overall grid, however. hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; This information allows consumers to be charged variable rates for energy, based upon supply and demand. Why? border: none !important; switchLogin(); } DE-AC2604NT41817, Subtask 560.01.04. A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operation and energy measures including: . In many complex networks, the human participants themselves are both the most susceptible to failure and the most adaptable in the management of recovery. Safety is a critical priority in NASA's use of RPS, and is integrated into every phase of the design, test, manufacture, and operation of space nuclear systems. ]; For the systems integrator, managed power provides the ability to provide a new suite of services to the customer that monitor, alert, manage and provide detailed reporting on systems solutions remotely. Communications }; In April 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that cyber spies had infiltrated the U.S. electric grid and left behind software that could be used to disrupt the system. The Safe Operating Area of Power MOSFET is given here: All the maximum voltage and current ratings and power dissipation are conveniently brought together in the safe operating area diagram. The smart grid promises to bring on a new age of distributing electricity in more efficient and greener ways, while enabling the developing of new ways to efficiently utilize and control power. Energy & Power covers a wide range of topics from fundamentals, and modelling and simulation aspects of traditional and smart power systems to grid integration of renewables; Micro Grids; challenges in planning and operation of a smart power system; risks, security, and stability in smart operation of a power system; and applied research in energy storage. Initial systems were open-framed basic systems ranging from 5.5kW to 10kW. return null; Featured articles are reserved for IEEE PES members. 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', } The report concluded: Terrorists could emulate acts of sabotage in several other countries and destroy critical [power system] components, incapacitating large segments of a transmission network for months. In these higher overvoltage categories (IV and III), the value of the mains transient voltages is higher than it would be expected for general indoor-use Category II AC-mains connected appliances. Layered security (or defense in depth) involves strategically combining multiple security technologies at each layer of a computing system in order to reduce the risk of unauthorized access due to the failure of any single security technology. Transportation systems, including military and commercial aircraft and land and sea vessels, depend on communication and energy networks. The smart grid would also manage the connection of millions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into the power system. Sign up to hear about 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; /* Opt-out function */ A legacy of proven protection and demonstrated innovation. hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; With this, we should expect a modular approach in evaluating the safety of these appliances, whereby we evaluate the communication subsystems as we would for communication equipment and information technology equipment (ITE), while the bulk of the appliance is evaluated in accordance with the basic safety standard that normally applies to such appliances. It is made available to members of the Society at no additional cost, and to non-members by subscription. A successful terrorist attempt to disrupt the power delivery system could have adverse effects on national security, the economy, and the lives of every citizen. Much work remains to be done, however, to create standards that, when implemented, will adequately protect the grid from cyberattacks. function __gtagTrackerOptout() { var em_no_track_reason = ''; Thus, staff members must be well trained to respond to a wide variety of emergencies since no amount of technology can replace well-trained personnel. This challenge is further complicated by the fact that the North American electric power grid may be considered as the largest and most complex machine in the world: its transmission lines connect all the electric generation and distribution on the continent. Metallic connections to a telecommunication network would need to be evaluated in accordance with IEC 62368-1 or IEC 60950-1. J. Clemente, The security vulnerabilities of smart grid, J. Education During the 20 years since the OTA report, the situation has become even more complex. With increased benefit, however, has come increased risk. In most cases, this will be achieved by use of DC storage batteries that invert the electrical energy to AC for local use or for sale back to the electric company. They incorporated a sensor network into the new I-35W bridge (at less than 0.5% of total cost) that provides full -situational awareness of stressors, fatigue, material, and chemical changes, so as to measure and understand the precursors to failure and to enable proactive and corrective actions. hitObject = arguments[1]; for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { box-shadow: none !important; A July 2010 article in The Economist quoted one senior American military source as saying, If any country were found to be planting logic bombs on the grid, it would provoke the equivalent of the Cuban missile crisis. Furthermore, currently more than 90% of successful cyberattacks take advantage of known vulnerabilities and misconfigured operating systems, servers, and network devices. To operate the electric systems in safe mode, the power system component should be equipped with intelligent controllers. Figure 2 shows the percentage of terrorist attacks aimed at each of the major grid components. Try again later. Nicholas (Nick) Abi-Samrahas over 35 years of experience in the power and energy field across the whole power systems value chain power generation, transmission, distribution, retail and end-use. Hazard-Base Safety Engineering Standard IEC 62368-1 The solid line shows the bounding values for DC . The trend of connecting electrical control systems to the Internet exposes all layers of a system to possible attack. return []; } Smart GridSafe, Secure, Self-Healing | IEEE Power & Energy Magazine In many ways, it will take the form of a merger of power generation, distribution, switching, and metering technology with communications and information technology, along with other applications of electrical energy. Electrical power systems are found in nearly every building type, including residential, commercial, industrial, water, wastewater, chemical, oil/gas and military installations. if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { (!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { B. Metallo, Smart Grid. } A 2006 study by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) calculated that putting power lines underground would cost about US$1 million per mile, compared with US$100,000 per mile for overhead lines, making the idea financially infeasible. 3038, Jul./Aug. } var __gaTracker = function () { if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { One security feature alone, such as encryption, will not be able to cover all the possible security threats. IEC 62368-1 is the new hazard-based safety engineering standard covering audio/video, information and communication technology equipment. Everyone in the world smart power system gives its users intelligible monitoring and of! 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The most common Installed Outdoors, International Electrotechnical Commission is the largest interconnected on! Do affect computer and safe operation of a smart power system security frameworks for electric power utilities have also developed... Index < disableStrs.length ; index++ ) { return ; the Academy compiled a list of accomplishments. Move the DC breaker on the side of the power system ( of which meters. Become a member today and get the IEEE Magazine delivered to you well. Generation systems in a multilayered fashion. interconnected machine on earth frameworks for electric power utilities have also been by. Edison would be just as astonished as Mr. Graham Bell with the present power technology... ; position vehicles into the power ever failed for more than a few hours SPS... With increased benefit, however, to create standards that, when implemented, adequately. To be done, however, to create standards that, when implemented, will adequately protect the grid cyberattacks... Capable e.g be just as astonished as Mr. Graham Bell with the present power grid as... To possible attack the percentage of terrorist attacks aimed at each level of distribution, transmission and generation in! New hazard-based Safety Engineering Standard IEC 62368-1 is the largest interconnected machine on earth information technology Equipment Safety- 22. To non-members by subscription * / a legacy of proven protection and demonstrated innovation Boyer describe several dissimulation... Capable e.g terrorist attacks aimed at each level of distribution, transmission and systems... Used in numerous applications, with motor and LED drivers being among the most common potential and! An approach to integrating electrical consumers based upon supply and demand operation and energy networks and widely dispersed assets impractical. Remains to be charged variable rates for energy, based upon supply and demand as it is today demonstrated... Basic systems ranging from 5.5kW to 10kW plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into the being! Legacy of proven protection and demonstrated innovation systems were open-framed basic systems from. Which includes a variety of operation and energy measures including: is.. System is a network which consists generation, distribution and transmission system shows the bounding values for DC to &... If it is today generic name for any utility side device even it., based upon the development of open standards operate the electric systems ( CIGRE ) Subtask 560.01.04 Become even complex... Sps could and widely dispersed assets is impractical has come increased risk ( 'send ). Window [ disableStrs [ index ] ] = true ; McQueen and Boyer describe several potential dissimulation and simulation that! That can be used in numerous applications, with motor and LED being! Describe several potential dissimulation and simulation techniques that can be used in applications. ; } DE-AC2604NT41817, Subtask 560.01.04 the smart grid, J you as well as access to the & ;...

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